Fig. 3
Predicted trajectory groups for cognitive z-score. “Low Baseline-Slow Improvement” group (24.52%) is represented in red; “Gradual improvement” group (67.74%) is represented in blue; “Late Surge” group (7.74%) is represented in green. The shaded regions around the trajectories represent the 95% confidence intervals, illustrating the uncertainty or variability in the model’s predictions over time. Narrower shading indicates greater confidence in the predicted values. Clinically, the identification of a ‘Late Surge’ trajectory is of interest as it suggests that cognitive gains may manifest later in treatment for a subset of individuals, highlighting the potential for improvement even among those with initially limited progress.
