Fig. 1
From: Cytokine and chemokine kinetics in natural human dengue infection as predictors of disease outcome
Asymptomatic infection has lower cytokine secretion than symptomatic infection. (a) Comparable viremia level between AD (n = 5), DF (n = 32) and DHF (n = 10) sample. (b) PCA and (c) PCA biplot of the total 41 humoral mediators clustered by severity (Total n = 47). Each circle corresponds to one patient. (d) Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-15, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β. (e) Level of antiviral cytokines: IFN-α2 and IFN-γ. (f) Levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL-10 and IL-1RA. (g) Levels of chemokines: IL-8, IP-10, and Eotaxin. Each dot represents the level of cytokine from each sample. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare 3 groups of independent data (p value indicated in each graph). Kruskal–Wallis statistics with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test were used to compare between 2 groups indicated. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. Median and interquartile ranges were shown in each group.
