Table 3 Description of participants with type 1 diabetes negative for diabetes-associated autoantibodies (GADA, IA-2A, IAA and ZnT8A).

From: Comparison of immunological and immunogenetic markers in recent-onset type 1 diabetes among children and adults

Participant number

Sex

Age (years)

Ketonuria

Ketoacidosis

Weight loss

Random C-peptide (nmol/l)

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

HbA1c (%)

BMI (kg/m2)

Concomitant autoimmune diseases

Family history of T1D

PTPN22 rs2476601

CTLA CT60 rs3087243

SLC30A8 rs13266634

IFIH1 rs1990760

HLA haplotypes

1

M

33.0

–

–

 + 

0.12

139

14.9

19.6

–

 + 

CT

AG

CC

GA

(DR3)-DQA1*05-DQB1*02 and (DR3)-DQA1*05-DQB1*02

2

M

39.4

 + 

–

 + 

0.35

87

10.1

19.6

–

–

CC

AG

TT

GA

DRB1*0401-DQA1* 03-DQB1*0302 and (DR13)-DQB1*0604

3

M

26.6

 + 

–

 + 

0.10

117

12.9

21.5

–

–

CC

GG

TT

GA

(DR1/10)-DQB1*0501 and (DR8)-DQB1*04

4

M

58.3

 + 

–

 + 

0.27

115

12.7

24.3

–

 + 

CC

AA

CC

AA

(DR3)-DQA1*05- DQB1*02 and DRB1*0401-DQA1* 03-DQB1*0302

5

M

41.8

 + 

 + 

 + 

NA

121

13.2

38.2

–

–

CC

GG

CC

GG

(DR16)-DQB1*0502 and (DR15)-DQB1* 0602

6

M

42.9

 + 

 + 

 + 

0.10

138

14.8

23.5

–

–

CC

GG

CT

GG

(DR11/12/13)-DQA1* 05-DQB1*0301 and (DR15)-DQB1*0602

  1. CTLA4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4; IFIH1, interferon induced with helicase C domain 1; M, male; NA, no data; PTPN22, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22; SLC30A8, solute carrier family 30 member 8; T1D, type 1 diabetes.
  2. a Represents -2.4 (Z-score) of WHO boys BMI chart.
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