Table 11 CPDM versus existing models.

From: Monitoring and prevention of gas explosions in underground coal mines using a co-prototype design model for dynamic disaster response

Criteria

Existing Methods (Zhang et al. 2023)

CPDM

User integration

Limited, mainly post-design validation

Fully integrated from initial stages

Participation mechanism

Limited or fragmented

Comprehensive and continuous involvement

Demand analysis

Primarily technical compliance

Multidimensional (Kano model, collaborative inputs)

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