Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Socioeconomic and nutritional determinants outweigh gut microbiota influence on neurodevelopment in young children from Antananarivo, Madagascar

Fig. 4

Theoretical framework including both the measurement model and the structural model, and standardized parameter estimates for direct mean effects in the complex structural equation modelling (SEM) model tested. The parameter estimates are standardized on all variables’ standard deviations, thus restricted between − 1 and 1. Observed variables are represented as squares and latent variables are represented as circles. Dashed arrows indicate the loadings of indicator variables in the measurement model (all significant). Each latent variable has one factor loading fixed to 1 for scaling purposes. Significant estimates are indicated with asterisks (*: ≤ 0.05, **: ≤ 0.01, ***: ≤ 0.001). HAZ: Height-for-Age Z-score; BCAA: branched-chain amino acids

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