Table 1 Mean difference in development score per domain and overall between normally-nourished children and moderately or severely stunted children (N = 349).

From: Socioeconomic and nutritional determinants outweigh gut microbiota influence on neurodevelopment in young children from Antananarivo, Madagascar

 

Moderately stunted

Severly stunted

Unadjusted

Adjusted*

Unadjusted

Adjusted*

Mean difference

95% CI

P-value

Mean difference

95% CI

P-value

Mean difference

95% CI

P-value

Mean difference

95% CI

P-value

Overall score

− 12.4

− 19.8

− 5

0.001

− 10.2

− 17.7

− 2.7

0.008

− 20.9

− 28.9

− 12.9

0.000

− 18.6

− 26.6

− 10.6

0.000

Communication score

− 0.9

− 3

1.1

0.378

− 0.8

− 2.9

1.2

0.427

− 1.2

− 3.4

1

0.289

− 1.2

− 3.4

1.1

0.322

Problem-Solving score

− 3.5

− 6.6

− 0.5

0.024

− 2.4

− 5.3

0.6

0.115

− 3.6

− 6.9

− 0.3

0.031

− 3.4

− 6.5

− 0.2

0.038

Personal-Social score

− 2.8

− 5.2

− 0.5

0.017

− 3.1

− 5.4

− 0.8

0.008

− 2.2

− 4.8

0.3

0.080

− 2.1

− 4.5

0.4

0.099

Fine motor score

− 3.6

− 6.2

− 1

0.007

− 2.5

− 5.2

0.1

0.064

− 7.8

− 10.6

− 5

0.000

− 7

− 9.8

− 4.1

0.000

Gross motor score

− 1.5

− 3.7

0.7

0.192

− 1.3

− 3.4

0.8

0.234

− 6

− 8.4

− 3.6

0.000

− 5

− 7.2

− 2.7

0.000

Number of domains with delay

0.1

0

0.3

0.110

0.1

0

0.2

0.168

0.3

0.1

0.4

0.000

0.3

0.1

0.4

0.000

  1. *Adjusted for socioeconomic score, access to running water, child’s sex, child’s age, anemia, mother’s age at first pregnancy and mother’s educational level.
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