Fig. 10

(a) Effect of pH on the removal percentage of CV dye from aqueous solution onto LSR-F (t = 15 min for CV, [dye] = 250 mg/L, dose = 0.1 g, pH = 2–12, T = 25 °C); (b) Ionic strength of LSR-F adsorbent using CaCO₃, CaCl₂, NaCl, LiCl, and ZnCl₂ salts; and (c) Point of zero charge (pHpzc) of the LSR-F, determined by the pH drift method.