Abstract
Micro-architected structures are increasingly valued for their light weight and tunable mechanical properties; this class of material includes sheet structures like the Schöen gyroid and beam lattices like the octet. For design purposes, it is critical to understand how to tune the relative density (RD) to obtain desired mechanical properties. This study investigates the mechanical response of Ti-6Al-4V gyroid structures, spanning a broad range of RDs (0.03–0.90), unit cell sizes (1–4 cm), and sheet thicknesses (0.2–7.8 mm). Results demonstrate that the classical Gibson-Ashby power law scaling between RD and modulus and yield stress does not adequately capture the response over a wide range of RDs, nor does it extrapolate correctly to the fully dense solid. Analytical models, in concert with experimental results and high-fidelity finite element calculations, show that the deviation from Gibson-Ashby reflects a transition from structure-dominated to material-dominated behavior. Distinctions are drawn between scaling relationships and property-porosity models, and an analytical model is proposed to better capture the evolution of mechanical properties with RD. These observations are mirrored in other architected topologies, like the octet, and highlight the importance of understanding the relationship between mechanical properties and geometry for design purposes.
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The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-2012804).
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BKZ: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data Curation, Writing—Original Draft, Writing—Review & Editing, Formal Analysis. HDC: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data Curation, Writing - Original Draft, Writing—Review & Editing, Investigation. JL: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data Curation, Writing—Original Draft, Writing—Review & Editing, Formal Analysis, Investigation. JK: Investigation, Data Curation, Visualization, Writing—Review & Editing. JSB: Investigation, Data Curation. MK: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing—Review & Editing, Funding Acquisition, Supervision, Project Administration.
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Zimmerman, B.K., Carlton, H.D., Lind, J. et al. Investigating property-porosity relationships for micro-architected lattice structures. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35262-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35262-6
