Abstract
Accurate identification of significant features in high-dimensional data is indispensable in high-throughput genomic analysis and association studies. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and its derivatives have been widely adapted to discover potential biomarkers as a feature selection scheme in various biological systems. Recently, bootstrap-based LASSO models, such as Random LASSO and Hi-LASSO, have been effective solutions for extremely high-dimensional but low sample size (EHDLSS) genomic data. However, the bootstrap-based LASSO models still have several drawbacks, such as multicollinearity within bootstrap samples, missing predictors in draw, and randomness in predictor sampling. To tackle the limitations, we propose a new bootstrap-based LASSO, named Stochastic LASSO, that effectively reduces multicollinearity in bootstrap samples and mitigates randomness in predictor sampling, resulting in remarkably outperforming benchmarks in feature selection and coefficient estimation. Furthermore, Stochastic LASSO provides a two-stage t-test strategy for selecting statistically significant features. The performance of Stochastic LASSO was assessed by comparing the existing benchmark models in extensive simulation experiments. In the simulation experiments, Stochastic LASSO consistently showed significant improvements in performance compared to the state-of-the-art LASSO models for feature selection, coefficient estimation, and robustness. We also applied Stochastic LASSO for the gene expression data of publicly available TCGA cancer datasets and identified statistically significant genes associated with survival month prediction. The source code is publicly available at: https://github.com/datax-lab/StochasticLASSO.
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Data availability
The datasets analyzed during the current study are all publicly available online from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The open-source is available at: https://github.com/datax-lab/StochasticLASSO.
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Funding
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Major Research Instrumentation (NSF MRI) (Grant#:2117941), the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (NRF-2021R1I1A3048029), and the MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT) under the ICAN (ICT Challenge and Advanced Network of HRD) support program (IITP-2024-RS-2022-00156409) supervised by the IITP (Institute for Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation) in South Korea.
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B.B.: Methodology, Software, Validation, Investigation, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Visualization; J.J: Methodology, Investigation; M.K.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Resources, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition; Y.K.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Resources, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition
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Baek, B., Jo, J., Kang, M. et al. Stochastic LASSO for extremely high-dimensional genomic data. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35273-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35273-3
