Fig. 5
Color-coded city rankings for the proposed indicators. The left-hand side shows the results for the four cumulative accessibility indicators \(S^{(MC)}, S^{(k25)}, S^{(k50)}, S^{(k75)}\), and the right-hand side shows the three threshold indicators \(\tau _{(k25)}, \tau _{(k50)}, \tau _{(k75)}\). For cumulative indicators, the city is ranked higher (i.e. has lower ranking score) in terms of accessibility for higher values of indicators. Conversely, lower values of time variables indicate higher accessibility. \(\tau _{(kx)}\) values were multiplied by \((-1)\) to achieve consistent ranking.
