Abstract
This study develops a theoretical model to predict the formation mechanism of non-cohesive jets from Zr-based amorphous alloy liners by integrating compressible circular flow theory with the JH-2 material model. Through a combination of theoretical analysis, experimental verification, and numerical simulation, the formation characteristics of Zr-based amorphous alloy jets were systematically investigated. Jet formation experiments were conducted, and X-ray image results showed that the morphology of Zr-based amorphous alloy (Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5, Vit1) jets exhibited typical discrete characteristics. The results from numerical simulations aligned well with the experimental data, validating the applicability of the JH-2 model for Zr-based amorphous alloy materials. The predictive model proposes the existence of a maximum collapse angle \(\:{\beta\:}_{\text{m}\text{a}\text{x}}\) during the collapse process of Zr-based amorphous alloy liners, explaining why these jets exhibit non-cohesive characteristics despite not satisfying the sound velocity criterion. Additionally, a correction was applied to the dimensionless ratio \(\:{x}_{0}/{x}_{1}\), reducing the model’s prediction error to within 0.56%. The model developed in this study can accurately predict the dynamic forming process of zirconium-based amorphous alloy jets, including the formation states (cohesive or non-cohesive) of each element of the liner during the collapse process.
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12372360).
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Y.Q.N.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data Curation, Validation, Writing-Original Draft, Formal analysis. L.J.: Project administration, Validation. X.J.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Funding acquisition. Z.X.H.: Conceptualization, Project administration. X.D.Z.: Methodology, Writing-Review & Editing. J.S.: Methodology, Validation. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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Niu, Y., Ji, L., Jia, X. et al. Non-cohesive jet formation of Zr-based amorphous alloy shaped charge liners: a predictive model. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35608-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35608-0
