Fig. 4

Infrared satellite images from EUMETSAT showing cloud-top temperatures at (a) 20:00, (b) 21:00, (c) 22:00, and (d) 23:00 UTC on 27 July 2022. The images were accessed via Meteologix (https://meteologix.com/ir/satellite/top-alert-15 min.html). © Meteologix/Kachelmann Group.