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Association of ABCG2 gene variants with urate levels in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
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  • Published: 18 February 2026

Association of ABCG2 gene variants with urate levels in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease

  • Francisco Mendoza-Carrera  ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0786-988X1,
  • Gloria Elizabeth Vázquez-Rivera1,2,
  • Erika Fabiola Gómez-García3,
  • Renato Parra-Michel4,
  • Rosalba Orozco-Sandoval5,
  • Andrea Carolina González-Ramírez6,
  • Lourdes del Carmen Rizo-de la Torre1,
  • Alfonso Farías-Basulto7 &
  • …
  • Caridad Áurea Leal-Cortés8 

Scientific Reports , Article number:  (2026) Cite this article

We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

Subjects

  • Biomarkers
  • Diseases
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Medical research
  • Nephrology

Abstract

The contribution of ABCG2 gene variants to hyperuricemia in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains uncertain, despite previously established associations in other populations. In this study, we analyzed the association of the ABCG2 gene variants rs2054576, rs2231142 and rs1001796 with serum uric acid (SUA) levels and hyperuricemia in patients with T2D and chronic kidney disease (CKD) from Mexico. This cross-sectional study involved the genotyping of 1,085 Mexican patients with T2D and 284 healthy subjects (HS) for the missense variant Q141K (rs2231142) and two intronic variants, rs2054576, and rs10011976 of the ABCG2 gene. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the association between ABCG2 genotypes and urate levels and hyperuricemia in relation to the presence of CKD. Clinical and biochemical parameters were also determined and compared. Serum uric acid concentrations and prevalence of hyperuricemia were higher in the patient group compared to healthy subjects. In the patient population, individuals with CKD demonstrated elevated SUA levels and a greater prevalence of hyperuricemia when compared to those without CKD (6.4 mg/dL vs. 5.0 mg/dL, p < 0.001 and 49% vs. 19%, p < 0.001), respectively). The rs2231142 variant showed a significant association with SUA concentrations among patients with T2D (β = 0.393; p = 0.017), as well as healthy individuals (β = 0.407; p = 0.005); however, no significant association was observed with hyperuricemia. In this cohort of Mexican patients with T2D, kidney disease was found as the primary factor associated with hyperuricemia. Additionally, rs2231142 was the only ABCG2 gene variant linked to SUA levels in both T2D patients and healthy individuals, though it was not associated with hyperuricemia. Nevertheless, genetic analysis of rs2231142 may contribute to the evaluation of T2D patients at risk for complications related to elevated uric acid.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Jazmin Martín del Campo for her valuable assistance in patient recruitment and laboratory sample processing.

Funding

This research was funded by Fundación IMSS (Number: R-2021-1305-007), granted to F.M.C. G.E.V.R. received a postgraduate fellowship (fellow number: 967146) from the Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología (CONAHCyT).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

    Francisco Mendoza-Carrera, Gloria Elizabeth Vázquez-Rivera & Lourdes del Carmen Rizo-de la Torre

  2. Graduate Studies Program in Human Genetics, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

    Gloria Elizabeth Vázquez-Rivera

  3. Medicine and Psichology Faculty, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico

    Erika Fabiola Gómez-García

  4. Nephrology Department, Hospital General Regional no. 46, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México

    Renato Parra-Michel

  5. Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 3, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

    Rosalba Orozco-Sandoval

  6. Social Service Program in Medicine, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonala, Jalisco, Mexico

    Andrea Carolina González-Ramírez

  7. Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 49, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

    Alfonso Farías-Basulto

  8. Surgical Research Division, CIBO, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

    Caridad Áurea Leal-Cortés

Authors
  1. Francisco Mendoza-Carrera
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  2. Gloria Elizabeth Vázquez-Rivera
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Contributions

F.M.C: Conceptualization, funding adquisition, project administration, draft-writing, discussion and reviewing the manuscript. G.E.V.R: Sample analysis, data collection, discussion and reviewing the manuscript. E.F.G.G: Sample analysis, data collection, discussion and reviewing the manuscript. R.P.M: Patient recruitment, discussion and reviewing the manuscript. R.O.S: Patient recruitment, discussion and reviewing the manuscript. L.C.R.T: Sample processing and analysis, discussion and reviewing the manuscript. A.C.G.R: Sample analysis, data collection, discussion and reviewing the manuscript. A.F.B: Sample analysis, data collection, discussion and reviewing the manuscript. C.A.L.C: Sample analysis, discussion and reviewing the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to this version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Francisco Mendoza-Carrera.

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Mendoza-Carrera, F., Vázquez-Rivera, G.E., Gómez-García, E.F. et al. Association of ABCG2 gene variants with urate levels in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35853-3

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  • Received: 29 October 2025

  • Accepted: 08 January 2026

  • Published: 18 February 2026

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35853-3

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Keywords

  • Uric acid
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Hyperuricemia
  • ABCG2 gene
  • Genetic association
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