Table 1 Comparison video conferencing, virtual reality and face-to-face meetings.

From: Remote collaboration in virtual reality induces physiological synchrony comparable to face-to-face interaction

 

Video

VR

Face-to-face

Verbal cues

Yes

Yes

Yes

Non-verbal cues

Face

Face+body

Face+body

Joint attention

No

Yes

Yes

Spatial presence

Low

High

High

Co-presence

Low

High

High

Computer-mediated

Yes

Yes

No

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