Fig. 1
Principal component analysis (PCA) of lipoprotein profiles in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Three-dimensional PCA score plot illustrating the distribution of individual subjects based on their plasma lipid profile. Each point represents a single participant, with red and blue spheres corresponding to MS and SLE groups, respectively. The first three principal components (PC1, PC2, and PC3) explain 91.5%, 6.5%, and 1.6% of the total variance, respectively. Ellipsoids represent 95% confidence intervals for each group. The partial separation along PC1 indicates distinct lipoprotein signatures between groups, with greater dispersion observed in the MS group, suggestive of higher intra-group heterogeneity in lipid metabolism.
