Fig. 2
Comparison of gut microbiota diversity between participants with Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Alpha diversity is represented as box plots, with each point indicating an individual participant’s value. A. Alpha diversity indices (Shannon) for both groups, indicating that MS patients exhibit significantly higher alpha diversity (p = 0.04). B. Comparison of Chao1 index between both groups (p = 0.01). C. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on beta diversity, highlighting the distinct microbial community structure between the two conditions (p = 0.001, PERMANOVA test). Each point represents an individual sample, and the colored ellipses denote the 95% confidence interval for each group. SLE and Metabolic Syndrome samples cluster separately, indicating significant compositional differences in their gut microbiota.
