Table 3 Association between categorization of LS and subjective slow walking in participants aged < 65 years (n = 32,252) and ≥ 65 years (n = 2,683).

From: Subjective slow walking speed is associated with locomotive syndrome severity in 34,935 adults undergoing medical checkups

OR (95%CI)

Variable

Reference

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Model 4d

Aged < 65 years

The GLFS-25

LS-1 or more

Yes vs. No

1.68 (1.56–1.81)

1.63 (1.51–1.76)

1.55 (1.44–1.67)

1.55 (1.44–1.67)

LS-2 or more

Yes vs. No

2.47 (2.07–2.96)

2.40 (2.00–2.86)

2.27 (1.89–2.72)

2.26 (1.89–2.71)

Two-step test

LS-1 or more

Yes vs. No

2.07 (1.75–2.47)

1.96 (1.65–2.33)

1.92 (1.61–2.29)

1.92 (1.61–2.29)

LS-2 or more

Yes vs. No

4.22 (1.94–9.16)

4.10 (1.89–8.92)

4.21 (1.91–9.28)

4.22 (1.92–9.29)

Stand-up test

LS-1 or more

Yes vs. No

1.48 (1.36–1.62)

1.42 (1.30–1.56)

1.37 (1.25–1.50)

1.37 (1.25–1.50)

LS-2 or more

Yes vs. No

3.09 (1.68–5.67)

3.15 (1.71–5.78)

3.00 (1.62–5.56)

3.00 (1.62–5.56)

Total assessment

LS-1 or more

Yes vs. No

1.60 (1.47–1.66)

1.51 (1.42–1.61)

1.44 (1.35–1.53)

1.44 (1.35–1.53)

LS-2 or more

Yes vs. No

2.58 (2.18–3.06)

2.51 (2.12–2.98)

2.39 (2.01–2.84)

2.39 (2.01–2.84)

Aged ≥ 65 years

The GLFS-25

LS-1 or more

Yes vs. No

3.36 (2.67–4.22)

3.35 (2.67–4.22)

3.14 (2.49–3.97)

3.14 (2.48–3.97)

LS-2 or more

Yes vs. No

4.01 (2.43–6.58)

3.99 (2.43–6.56)

3.79 (2.28–6.28)

3.79 (2.28–6.28)

Two-step test

LS-1 or more

Yes vs. No

2.83 (2.16–3.72)

2.82 (2.15–3.71)

2.87 (2.16–3.79)

2.85 (2.15–3.78)

LS-2 or more

Yes vs. No

13.08 (3.92–43.67)

12.80 (3.83–42.79)

12.90 (3.80–43.71)

12.68 (3.74–43.02)

Stand-up test

LS-1 or more

Yes vs. No

1.86 (1.54–2.23)

1.85 (1.53–2.22)

1.77 (1.46–2.14)

1.77 (1.46–2.14)

LS-2 or more

Yes vs. No

1.79 (0.90–3.55)

1.75 (0.88–3.48)

1.72 (0.85–3.47)

1.70 (0.84–3.45)

Total assessment

LS-1 or more

Yes vs. No

2.31 (1.96–2.74)

2.31 (1.95–2.73)

2.19 (1.84–2.60)

2.19 (1.84–2.59)

LS-2 or more

Yes vs. No

3.27 (2.22–4.82)

3.24 (2.19–4.78)

3.12 (2.10–4.65)

3.10 (2.08–4.62)

  1. LS, locomotive syndrome; GLFS-25, the 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale; OR, odds ratio, CI, confidence interval.
  2. Categorization of LS was used as a dependent variable, and subjective walking speed was used as an independent variable.
  3. aModel 1: unadjusted.
  4. bModel 2: adjusted for sex and body mass index.
  5. cModel 3: adjusted for sex, body mass index, alcohol consumption, exercise habits, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease.
  6. dModel 4: adjusted for sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise habits, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, and renal disease.
  7. Values shown in bold font indicate statistical significance.
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