Fig. 3

Spatio-temporal performance of the STGCN model in forecasting dengue incidence across nine Latin American countries over four prediction horizons (Week 1 to Week 4). (A) Heatmap of Relative RMSE values, where lower values indicate better predictive accuracy. (B) Heatmap of \(\hbox {R}^2\). values, where higher values reflect stronger model fit.