Fig. 3
From: A repurposing Dapagliflozin via polymeric nanogels for colorectal cancer therapy
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images depict the surface morphology of individual components and nanoparticle formulations. Image (A) shows pure Dapagliflozin (DAPA) as coarse, irregular crystalline particles, while (B) presents Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) with a porous, agglomerated texture. Sodium Alginate (SA) in (C) appears as fragmented amorphous particles. The physical mixture of DAPA, PVA, and SA in (D) reveals unevenly distributed particles with weak intermolecular binding. Image (E) illustrates blank PVA-SA nanoparticles exhibiting a rough and porous matrix structure, indicative of successful nanoparticle formation. Finally, (F) shows the optimized DAPA-PVA-SA nanoparticles with a compact, integrated surface and reduced crystallinity, confirming effective DAPA encapsulation and uniform nanoparticle morphology.
