Table 3 Multimodel linear regression analysis: relationships between VSS, Self-Efficacy, QOL, and mental health outcomes (Depression/Suicidal Ideation).

From: Self-efficacy and quality of life mediate self-reported mental health outcomes in visual snow syndrome

 

Path

Model 1

Model 2

B (95% CI)

p-value

B (95% CI)

p-value

 

a₁

-7.05(-9.15~-4.94)

< 0.001

-7.09(-9.17~-5.01)

< 0.001

a₂

-11.20(-14.35~-8.06)

< 0.001

-11.15(-14.24~-8.06)

< 0.001

D

0.97(0.77 ~ 1.18)

< 0.001

0.94(0.74 ~ 1.15)

< 0.001

Depression

b₁

-1.15(-1.35~-0.94)

< 0.001

-1.16(-1.38 ~-0.95)

< 0.001

b₂

-0.79(-0.92 ~-0.66)

< 0.001

-0.81(-0.95~-0.68)

< 0.001

C

15.94(13.00 ~ 18.87)

< 0.001

16.01(13.04 ~ 18.97)

< 0.001

Suicidal ideation

e₁

-0.07 (-0.10 ~ -0.03)

< 0.001

-0.06 (-0.10 ~ -0.03)

0.001

e₂

-0.07 (-0.10 ~ -0.05)

< 0.001

-0.07 (-0.09 ~ -0.05)

< 0.001

f

0.79 (0.27 ~ 1.30)

0.003

0.75 (0.25 ~ 1.26)

0.004

  1. Model 1: Age and sex adjusted; Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex and education; Path a1 = VSS → Self-efficacy; Path a2 = VSS → QOL; Path d = Self-efficacy → QOL; Path c = VSS → Depression; Path b1 = Self-efficacy → Depression; Path b2 = QOL → Depression; Path f = VSS → Suicidal ideation; Path e1 = Self-efficacy → Suicidal ideation; Path e2 = QOL → Suicidal ideation. This figure presents the linear regression analysis of the associations between VSS, Self-efficacy, QOL, and mental health outcomes (Depression and Suicidal Ideation). Two models were used: Model 1 adjusted for age and sex, and Model 2 adjusted for age, sex, and education. The analysis estimates the direct and indirect effects of each path, including the impact of VSS on Self-efficacy, QOL, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation, as well as the mediating effects of Self-efficacy and QOL. P-values indicate statistical significance for each path.VSS = Visual Snow Syndrome; QOL = quality of life.
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