Fig. 2
From: Unraveling COPD pathogenesis: a multi-omics approach to identify metabolites and genetic links
Volcano plot depicting the causal relationships between 1,400 metabolites and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The horizontal dashed line marks the false discovery rate (FDR < 0.05) significance threshold. Metabolites significantly associated with an increased risk of COPD (FDR < 0.05) are highlighted in blue, while those associated with a decreased risk of COPD are shown in red. The size of the point reflects the variance explained (PVE). The six labeled metabolites passed the initial FDR threshold, but only Carnitine C14 and 3-hydroxyoleoylcarnitine were subsequently confirmed to have a shared causal variant with COPD.
