Fig. 7
From: Unraveling COPD pathogenesis: a multi-omics approach to identify metabolites and genetic links
Validation of key gene expression in external COPD cohorts. (A) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plot of three GEO datasets (GSE10006, GSE19407, GSE20257) before batch correction, showing distinct separation by study. (B) PCA plot after batch correction using the ComBat algorithm, demonstrating successful integration of the datasets. (C) Volcano plot of the merged dataset illustrating differentially expressed genes between COPD and normal lung tissues. (D) Boxplots comparing the expression levels of ACACA, ACACB and ADRB2 in normal vs. COPD tissues. Statistical significance was determined by t-test (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001).
