Table 2 Multivariable linear regression of sleep duration and thyroid hormone levels.

From: Nonlinear association between sleep duration and thyroid hormone levels in patients with thyroid cancer

Outcome

Sleep Duration (vs 7–8 h)

Model 1 (Crude) β (95% CI)

Model 2 (Age & sex adjusted) β (95% CI)

Model 3 (Fully adjusted)* β (95% CI)

p-value (Model 3)

TSH (mIU/L)

Short sleep (≤ 6 h)

0.47 (0.39, 0.55)

0.49 (0.41, 0.57)

0.48 (0.40, 0.56)

 < 0.001

Long sleep (≥ 9 h)

0.55 (0.45, 0.64)

0.53 (0.44, 0.62)

0.53 (0.44, 0.62)

 < 0.001

T3 (ng/dL)

Short sleep (≤ 6 h)

− 0.05 (− 0.06, − 0.03)

− 0.05 (− 0.06, − 0.03)

− 0.05 (− 0.06, − 0.03)

 < 0.001

Long sleep (≥ 9 h)

− 0.04 (− 0.05, − 0.02)

− 0.04 (− 0.05, − 0.02)

− 0.04 (− 0.06, − 0.02)

 < 0.001

T4 (µg/dL)

Short sleep (≤ 6 h)

− 0.31 (− 0.43, − 0.19)

− 0.31 (− 0.43, − 0.19)

− 0.32 (− 0.44, − 0.20)

 < 0.001

  1. β values represent regression coefficients (95% confidence intervals) for differences in hormone concentrations relative to normal sleep (7–8 h).
  2. Model 1 = unadjusted; Model 2 = adjusted for age and sex; Model 3 = fully adjusted for age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, cotinine, hypertension, diabetes, and stroke history.
  3. TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone, T3 triiodothyronine, T4 thyroxine.
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