Table 11 Simulation results - learning rate impact on NASA dataset.

From: Real time fire and smoke detection using vision transformers and spatiotemporal learning

Learning rate

Proposed hybrid model

ResNet50

VGG16

LSTM

3D-CNNs

Hybrid ResNet50 + LSTM

Hybrid VGG16 + 3D-CNN

0.001

99.2%

90.5%

87.6%

91.3%

94.7%

95.8%

95.2%

0.01

98.7%

89.4%

86.5%

90.4%

93.6%

94.7%

94.1%

0.1

96.5%

85.2%

82.8%

87.5%

91.2%

93.1%

92.5%

0.0001

99.0%

89.8%

86.2%

89.8%

94.1%

94.5%

93.9%