Table 12 Simulation results - optimization method impact on NASA dataset.

From: Real time fire and smoke detection using vision transformers and spatiotemporal learning

Optimization method

Proposed hybrid model

ResNet50

VGG16

LSTM

3D-CNNs

Hybrid ResNet50 + LSTM

Hybrid VGG16 + 3D-CNN

Adam

99.2%

90.5%

87.6%

91.3%

94.7%

95.8%

95.2%

SGD

96.5%

88.7%

85.1%

89.0%

92.0%

94.1%

93.6%

RMSprop

97.8%

89.4%

86.7%

90.2%

93.2%

94.6%

94.0%