Table 6 Standard detection in clear daylight (NASA space apps challenge dataset).

From: Real time fire and smoke detection using vision transformers and spatiotemporal learning

Model

Accuracy (%)

Precision (%)

Recall (%)

F1-Score (%)

AUC-ROC (%)

Specificity (%)

Proposed hybrid model

99.2

99.3

99.0

99.1

99.5

99.4

ResNet50

90.5

89.7

91.1

90.4

92.3

88.6

VGG16

87.6

85.3

89.4

87.3

90.5

85.7

LSTM

91.3

92.1

90.5

91.3

93.2

90.1

3D-CNNs

94.7

95.0

94.4

94.7

96.1

93.2

Hybrid ResNet50 + LSTM

95.8

95.5

96.2

95.8

96.8

95.3

Hybrid VGG16 + 3D-CNN

95.2

94.9

95.5

95.2

96.3

94.7