Table 1 Clinical characteristics of cholelithiasis with cholecystitis and NC patients.

From: Urine volatile organic compounds (VOCs) combined with machine learning algorithm in the diagnosis of gallstones with cholecystitis

Charateristics

Test

Train

Control

Patient

p-value2

Control

Patient

p-value2

N = 301

N = 301

N = 701

N = 701

Gender

13 (43%)

16 (53%)

0.4

35 (50%)

32 (46%)

0.6

Age

57 ± 15

56 ± 14

0.8

58 ± 15

58 ± 15

0.8

ALT

23 ± 12

37 ± 42

0.3

30 ± 22

74 ± 118

0.5

AST

21 ± 5

31 ± 49

0.8

25 ± 14

47 ± 67

0.7

ALB

47.7 ± 3.0

42.4 ± 3.1

< 0.001

46.9 ± 2.4

40.4 ± 4.4

< 0.001

TBIL

17 ± 7

15 ± 12

0.086

15 ± 5

23 ± 32

0.083

DBIL

3.29 ± 1.27

7.90 ± 10.29

< 0.001

3 ± 1

16 ± 30

< 0.001

IBIL

13.6 ± 5.9

7.3 ± 3.5

< 0.001

12.3 ± 4.5

6.8 ± 4.6

< 0.001

NIT

  

0.5

  

> 0.9

0

30 (100%)

28 (93%)

 

69 (99%)

68 (97%)

 

1

0 (0%)

2 (6.7%)

 

1 (1.4%)

2 (2.9%)

 

RPO

0 (0%)

2 (6.7%)

0.5

2 (2.9%)

11 (16%)

0.009

KET

0 (0%)

2 (6.7%)

0.5

1 (1.4%)

7 (10%)

0.063

AFP

1 (3.3%)

0 (0%)

> 0.9

   

CEA

   

0 (0%)

4 (5.7%)

0.12

0

30 (100%)

30 (100%)

    

0

   

70 (100%)

70 (100%)

 
  1. 1 n (%); Mean ± SD2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test; NA.3ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALB: Albumin; TBIL: Total bilirubin; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; IBIL: Indirect bilirubin; NIT: Nitrite; RPO: Red blood cell (RBC) presence observed; KET: Ketone bodies; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.
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