Table 1 Descriptive statistics and corresponding differences across demographic characteristics for latent variables.
Variables | MPA | LE | AB | PE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 47.41(9.06) | 79.11(14.35) | 43.22(6.73) | 14.13(13.60) |
Gender | ||||
Male | 47.30(8.83) | 76.33(14.79) | 44.50(6.27) | 17.18(15.61) |
Female | 47.49(9.26) | 81.48(13.54) | 42.13(6.92) | 11.53(11.00) |
Grade | ||||
Freshman | 48.87(9.25) | 77.24(13.93) | 44.06(6.53) | 15.47(13.80) |
Sophomore | 47.94(9.33) | 78.05(14.25) | 43.96(6.87) | 15.87(14.66) |
Junior | 45.27(8.20) | 82.14(14.48) | 41.66(6.59) | 11.19(11.98) |
Academic Performance | ||||
Above-average | 47.25(8.83) | 82.36(14.32) | 40.98(6.49) | 13.32(12.91) |
Intermediate | 47.35(9.04) | 78.63(13.93) | 43.28(6.49) | 14.60(13.50) |
Below-average | 47.82(9.50) | 75.40(14.61) | 46.56(6.41) | 14.05(14.95) |
