Fig. 1

Spectroscopic characterization of Erythrosin B, berberine, and their ion-pair complex. (A) UV-visible absorption spectra showing Erythrosin B (blue line), berberine (red line), and the complex (black line), with hypsochromic shift and hypochromic effect upon complexation. (B) Fluorescence emission spectrum of Erythrosin B with excitation at 530 nm and maximum emission at 555 nm. (C) Concentration-dependent fluorescence quenching of Erythrosin B upon incremental addition of berberine (0 to 3 µg/mL).