Fig. 2 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 2

From: Label-free fluorescence lifetime imaging can distinguish cancer from healthy tissue in spontaneously occurring canine oral tumors

Fig. 2

Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma after exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) administration. (a) Visual fluorescence (pink) of 5-ALA induced PpIX under blue light stimulation (450 nm) of a canine oral tumor on the hard palate that preferentially accumulated PpIX compared to the surrounding normal tissue. (b) Heme biosynthetic pathway illustrating the enzymes involved in breakdown of 5-ALA to PpIX, then heme and bilirubin. * Represents enzymes that were upregulated in fluorescent canine oral squamous cell carcinoma compared to non-fluorescent normal oral mucosa.

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