Table 1 Validation results.

From: Deep reinforcement learning-driven multi-objective optimization and its applications on lighting infrastructure operation and maintenance strategy

Cost type

Calculation basis and field data

Calibration value

\(C_{{{\text{power}}}}\)

Local industrial electricity rate (0.82 yuan/kWh × luminaire power (40 watts/unit))

0.0328 yuan per hour per unit

\(C_{{{\text{maintenance}}}}\)

Labor cost (50 yuan/hour per person) × Maintenance efficiency (1 person can maintain 2.5 fixtures per hour)

20 yuan per hour per unit

\(C_{{{\text{replacement}}}}\)

Actual purchase price (420 yuan per unit) + Installation labor fee (45 yuan per unit)

465 yuan per unit

\(C{}_{{{\text{penalty}}}}\)

Refer to JTG/T D70/2–01-2014 Detailed Rules for Highway Tunnel Lighting Design, combined with accident loss data (each lighting-related accident incurs approximately 150,000 yuan in economic losses)

180 yuan/(lux-kilometer)

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