Table 1 X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of raw materials used in this study.

Oxides	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	SO₃	Na₂O	K₂O	TiO₂	P₂O₅	CL	LOI	Sum
HL	0.14	0.11	0.05	64.72	0.74	0.09	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.08	0.01	34.00	99.86
Gray Clay	53.38	30.80	3.74	0.02	0.15	0.12	0.13	0.11	1.91	0.04	0.03	9.58	99.96
Calcined clay	55.65	34.20	5.24	0.23	0.01	0.15	0.15	0.13	2.55	0.11	0.07	1.50	99.92
Limestone	0.38	0.08	0.02	54.40	0.96	0.07	0.21	0.25	0.00	0.00	0.02	43.60	99.99
Sand	96.33	1.20	0.53	0.09	0.10	0.05	0.12	0.51	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.95	99.89
White cement	20.65	4.95	0.43	64.88	1.08	2.45	0.10	0.56	0.42	0.02	0.04	4.20	99.75

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