Fig. 3

Transcriptomic analysis of corneal tissue from a mouse model of DED treated with UCMSC-Exos or left untreated. (A) Volcano plot showing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the DED group compared to the control group. (B) GO enrichment analysis of the DEGs (488 upregulated and 335 downregulated genes), highlighting pathways that were enriched in the DED group vs. the Control group. (C) Heatmap displaying hierarchical clustering of the gene expression profiles of the Control, DED, Exo, and Exo i.v. groups. Red indicates upregulated genes, and blue indicates downregulated genes. Each group contains three independent samples.