Table 2 Comparison of model performance based on 20 repetitions of 5-fold cross-validation (mean ± standard deviation).

From: Research on the predicted height of water-conducting fracture zones based on the BO-RFR model and SHAP analysis

Coal seam

model

R2

RMSE

MAE

MAPE

Carboniferous-Permian

BO-RFR

0.895 ± 0.010

4.331 ± 0.198

3.256 ± 0.145

0.070 ± 0.004

BO-XGBoost

0.885 ± 0.015

4.518 ± 0.296

3.556 ± 0.274

0.078 ± 0.007

BO-GBDT

0.867 ± 0.023

4.843 ± 0.421

3.609 ± 0.352

0.078 ± 0.009

BO-Adaboost

0.817 ± 0.010

5.709 ± 0.150

4.261 ± 0.170

0.094 ± 0.004

Jurassic

BO-RFR

0.924 ± 0.014

10.659 ± 1.004

8.793 ± 0.867

0.089 ± 0.009

BO-XGBoost

0.868 ± 0.057

13.850 ± 2.891

10.239 ± 2.167

0.089 ± 0.021

BO-GBDT

0.902 ± 0.020

12.101 ± 1.237

9.057 ± 0.965

0.084 ± 0.011

BO-Adaboost

0.845 ± 0.010

15.322 ± 0.523

13.225 ± 0.745

0.129 ± 0.007