Table 5 Comparison of evaluation metrics for different models.

From: Research on the predicted height of water-conducting fracture zones based on the BO-RFR model and SHAP analysis

Coal seam

Model

R2

RMSE

MAE

MAPE

Carboniferous-Permian

BO-RFR

0.905

4.122

3.196

0.067

RFR

0.876

4.703

3.347

0.072

BO-XGBoost

0.883

4.561

3.483

0.076

BO-GBDT

0.871

4.795

3.598

0.077

BO-Adaboost

0.833

5.457

4.036

0.091

Empirical formulas

0.640

21.093

19.460

0.484

Jurassic

BO-RFR

0.949

8.799

7.198

0.073

RFR

0.925

10.594

8.798

0.089

BO-XGBoost

0.878

13.557

11.276

0.099

BO-GBDT

0.914

11.411

8.283

0.074

BO-Adaboost

0.854

14.846

12.913

0.131

Empirical formulas

0.642

63.351

55.502

0.450