Table 5 Summary of bootstrapped model performance (Mean ± Standard deviation across 100 iterations).

From: Machine learning models for predicting treatment outcomes in chronic non-specific back pain patients undergoing lumbar extension traction

Model

R2 Mean ± SD

RMSE Mean ± SD

MAE Mean ± SD

Random forest

0.698 ± 0.045

2.51 ± 0.23

1.59 ± 0.17

XGBoost

0.684 ± 0.051

2.62 ± 0.27

1.63 ± 0.19

MLP

0.202 ± 0.118

4.10 ± 0.65

2.42 ± 0.38

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