Fig. 4

Effects of ST treatment on gastric cytokine levels of (A) TNF-α, (B) IL-6, (C) IL-1β in IND-induced gastric injury. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.005 compared to the control group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 compared to the IND group.