Table 1 Participants’ demographical and clinical characteristics.

From: Spinal cord involvement and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease

 

HC

PD

Global tests

Post hoc tests

All PD

PDRBD(+)

PDRBD(−)

n

22

26

11

15

–

–

Age (years)

67.9 ± 8.7 [53–83]

68.2 ± 9.0 [47–82]

71.4 ± 9.4 [47–82]

65.8 ± 8.3 [53–78]

0.21

ns

Sex (female), n (%)

13 (59.1%)

15 (57.7%)

7 (63.6%)

8 (53.3%)

0.87

ns

Disease duration (months)

–

45.7 ± 13.9 [20.2–80.5]

47.6 ± 16.9 [20.2–80.5]

44.2 ± 11.7 [21.7–61.1]

0.57

ns

MDS-UPDRS III (off)

4.1 ± 3.3 [0–10]

28.6 ± 11.5 [9–67]

32.1 ± 14.1 [14–67]

26.0 ± 8.8 [9–39]

< 0.0001

PDRBD(+) > HC***, PDRBD(−) > HC***

Hoehn and Yahr scale

–

1.8 ± 0.6 [1–3]

2.0 ± 0.4 [1–3]

1.6 ± 0.6 [1–3]

ns

ns

RBDSQ

7.75 ± 3.79 [2–14]

18.19 ± 18.21 [0–74]

32.6 ± 19.4 [12–74]

7.8 ± 6.6 [0–17]

< 0.0001

PDRBD(+) > HC**, PDRBD(+) > PDRBD(−)**

Orthostatic hypotension

1 (8.3%)

5 (19.2%)

4 (36.4%)

1 (6.7%)

0.12

ns

Systolic blood pressure drop at 3 min (mmHg)

0.8 ± 8.9 [− 12–13]

3.3 ± 12.1 [− 20–33]

4.8 ± 16.1 [− 20–33]

2.2 ± 8.5 [− 13–23]

0.64

ns

Systolic blood pressure drop at 5 min (mmHg)

2.2 ± 11.1 [− 19–25]

3.2 ± 13.9 [− 25–35]

4.3 ± 18.6 [− 25–35]

2.47 ± 9.8 [− 15–22]

0.88

ns

Diastolic blood pressure drop at 3 min (mmHg)

2.9 ± 8.7 [− 22–7]

− 0.8 ± 7.0 [− 11–13]

1.2 ± 7.6 [− 10–13]

− 2.2 ± 6.4 [− 11–9]

0.46

ns

Diastolic blood pressure drop at 5 min (mmHg)

− 4.3 ± 6.4 [− 16–7]

0.4 ± 7.5 [− 13–21]

3.2 ± 7.6 [− 5–21]

− 1.7 ± 6.9 [− 13–10]

0.07

ns

SCOPA-AUT

8.9 ± 7.0 [1–25]

15.0 ± 6.9 [3–26]

16.7 ± 7.2 [4–25]

13.7 ± 6.6 [3–26]

< 0.001

PDRBD(+) > HC*, PDRBD(−) > HC°

SCOPA cardiovascular subscore

0.3 ± 0.5 [0–1]

0.7 ± 0.9 [0–3]

1.0 ± 1.1 [0–3]

0.4 ± 0.5 [0–1]

0.15

ns

MoCA

27.3 ± 2.47 [22–30]

27.5 ± 2.0 [24–30]

27.7 ± 2.1 [24–30]

27.3 ± 2.0 [24–30]

00

ns

  1. Quantitative variables are summarized as mean ± standard deviation [min–max] and categorical variables as counts and percentages. Clinical data other than the MDS-UPDRS III were only availablein 12 HCs. Statistically significant effects for global comparisons with Kruskal–Wallis or Fisher’s exact tests are shown in bold. Asterisks indicate the significance level of the post hoc comparisons: adjusted p < 0.05 (*), adjusted p < 0.01 (**), adjusted p < 0.001 (***).
  2. Abbreviations: F, female; HC, healthy controls; M, male; MDS-UPDRS part III, Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III; ns, non-significant; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PDRBD(+), PD with RBD; PDRBD(−), PD without RBD; RBDSQ, REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire; RBD, Rapid-eye movement sleep disorder; SCOPA-AUT SCales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease—autonomic dysfunction.
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