Fig. 9 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 9

From: Inhibition of galanin receptor 3 slows down retina degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa through modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress response

Fig. 9

Effects of GALR3 inhibition on photoreceptor cells exposed to microglia-mediated neurotoxicity in vitro. a Schematic of experimental design. BV-2 microglial cells were stimulated with LPS (1 µg/ml) for 24 h to induce an immune response. Conditioned media (cMedia) from LPS-treated BV-2 cells were collected and applied to photoreceptor-derived 661 W cells and Galr3-silenced 661 W cells (shGalr3) to assess secondary inflammatory effects. b LPS stimulation in BV-2 cells induced overexpression of the Galr3 receptor and significantly increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, supporting a role of GALR3 in microglial activation. c 661 W cells treated with LPS-conditioned media also showed upregulation of Galr3 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, shGalr3 661 W cells showed suppressed Galr3 expression and attenuated inflammatory responses, suggesting a cell-autonomous contribution of Galr3 to photoreceptor inflammation. Error bars represent S.D. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc Turkey’s tests. Statistically significant changes are shown with asterisks. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.

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