Fig. 6
From: Effects of applied magnetic fields on the performance of magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters
(a) Structure of the AF-MPD thruster, (b) axial magnetic flux density along the channel, and (c) magnetic field distributions for the electromagnet and permanent magnet configurations. The thruster consists of a water-cooled copper anode, thoriated tungsten cathode, and three alumina insulators. External magnetic fields are applied using either the electromagnet or the permanent magnet. FEMM simulations show an axially dominant field for the electromagnet configuration and a strong radial component near the null point in the permanent magnet configuration.
