Table 1 Study of high-temperature loess.

Mechanical property

Brazilian splitting test—tensile strength

Microcomputer-controlled electro-hydraulic servo universal testing machine

Ren et al.¹⁰, Qi et al.¹¹ and Zhou et al.¹²

Evaluation of the changes in the tensile strength of loess after exposure to high temperatures

Monitoring of the mechanical failure process

Full-information acoustic emission instrument

Li et al.¹⁷, Wang et al.¹⁴, Wang et al.¹⁵ and Xin et al.¹⁶

Capture the acoustic signal characteristics of the generation and expansion of microcracks during the loading process

Physical property

Wave velocity

Non-metallic ultrasonic detector

Liu et al.²⁰ and Wang et al.²¹

Reflecting the integrity of the internal structure, the development of fractures, and the state of cementation within the material

Electrical resistivity

Broadband resistivity test

Li et al.¹⁷, Zhang et al.¹⁸ and Zhao et al.¹⁹

Investigate the variation pattern of soil sample conductivity with temperature at different frequencies

Structural properties

Pore structure

Surface area and pore size analyzer, nuclear magnetic resonance, mercury porosimetry experiment

Kuhn et al.²² and Vert et al.²³

Quantitative analysis of the volume distribution and evolution of micropores (< 2 nm), mesopores (2–50 nm), and macropores (> 50 nm)

Apparent properties

change in color

colorimeter

Labaz et al.⁶, Lukić et al.⁷, Presley et al.⁸ and Yang et al.⁹

Quantify the color changes caused by high temperatures (L, a, b* values), and correlate with the phase transformation process of iron minerals