Fig. 3 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 3

From: Nano-enabled plant fortification: green-synthesized SiO2 and emamectin benzoate nanoparticles synergistically boost maize defense and agronomic performance against Spodoptera frugiperda infestation

Fig. 3

Leaf morphology of Zea mays L. as influenced by ten green-synthesized SiO2 nanoparticles with either bulk or nano-emamectin benzoate (T1-T10 as described in Table 2) during the 2024 season. T1: Control (only dH2O); T2: GS-SiNPs, T3: full dose of EMB bulk; T4: ¾ full dose of EMB bulk; T5: full dose of EMB-NPs; T6: ¾ full dose of EMB-NPs; T7: ½ full dose of EMB-NPs; T8: ¾ full dose of EMB bulk + GS-SiNPs; T9: ½ full dose of EMB-NPs + GS-SiNPs; T10: ¾ full dose of EMB-NPs + GS-SiNPs. Bars represent 30 cm.

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