Fig. 8
Biplot graph of studied traits and the ten tested treatment groups (T1-T10 as described in Table 2), illustrating the first two principal component analysis (PCA) dimensions (Dim1 and Dim2). T1; Control (only dH2O), T2; GS-SiNPs, T3; EMB bulk, T4; ¾EMB bulk, T5; EMB-NPs, T6; ¾EMB-NPs, T7; ½EMB-NPs, T8; ¾EMB bulk + GS-SiNPs, T9; ½EMB-NPs + GS-SiNPs, T10; ¾EMB-NPs + GS-SiNPs. Each black dot refers to a treatment number. NL1.1DAT, NL1.5DAT, and NL1.14DAT: number of FAW larval plant−1 at 1, 5, and 14 DAT, respectively, in the 1st spray, NL2.1DAT, NL2.5DAT, and NL2.14DAT: number of FAW larval plant−1 at 1, 5, and 14 DAT, respectively, in the 2nd spray, LDS1.1DAT, LDS1.5DAT, and LDS1.14DAT: leaf damage score at 1, 5, and 14 DAT, respectively, in the 1st spray, LDS2.1DAT, LDS2.5DAT, and LDS2.14DAT: leaf damage score at 1, 5, and 14 DAT, respectively, in the 2nd spray, BL-Th: blade thickness, Mid-Th: midvein thickness, M-VB-D: main vascular bundle diameter, MxV-Di-VD: metaxylem vessel diameter of main vascular bundle, Cut-Th: cuticle thickness, Epi-Th: epidermis thickness, Fv/Fm: maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, Fv/Fo: potential photosystem II activity, PPIABS: photosynthetic performance index on an absorption basis, SPAD-CCI: Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD)-chlorophyll content index, LA/P: leaf area plant−1, LSiC: leaf silicon content, Cob-L: cob length, Cob-D: cob diameter, 100-GW: 100-grain weight, and GY: grain yield.
