Table 6 Highest contributing variables to principal components PC1–PC3, based on loading Values.

From: Monitoring the condition of city bus engines by analysing used oil using PCA and K-Means clustering

Principal Component

Variable

Loading value

PC1

Zn (Zinc)

0.298

P (Phosphorus)

0.286

S (Sulfur)

0.274

Soot [%]

0.261

Phos. Antiwear

0.251

PC2

Mn (Manganese)

0.296

Cu (Copper)

0.287

TAN

0.224

Ni (Nickel)

0.222

Fe (Iron)

0.211

PC3

Cr (Chromium)

0.384

TAN

0.297

Nitration

0.256

Pb (Lead)

0.255

Ca (Calcium)

0.225