Table 5 Chemical, physical analysis, and summary statistics of groundwater samples in the study area.
Well No. | pH | EC (ds m− 1) | TDS (mg L− 1) | Na⁺ | K⁺ | Ca²⁺ | Mg²⁺ | HCO₃⁻ | SO₄²⁻ | Cl⁻ | SAR | MR (%) | Na (%) | KR | PI (%) | RSC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Meq L− 1) | ||||||||||||||||
1 | 7.07 | 1.03 | 659.00 | 5.10 | 0.85 | 2.50 | 1.35 | 0.10 | 3.20 | 7.00 | 3.68 | 35.06 | 60.71 | 1.32 | 60.52 | −1.05 |
2 | 7.15 | 2.87 | 1836.00 | 14.70 | 2.00 | 8.00 | 4.00 | 0.30 | 8.40 | 20.00 | 6.00 | 33.33 | 58.19 | 1.23 | 57.11 | −3.70 |
3 | 7.07 | 2.44 | 1561.00 | 13.90 | 1.50 | 7.00 | 3.00 | 0.30 | 6.40 | 18.00 | 6.22 | 30.00 | 60.63 | 1.39 | 60.45 | −3.70 |
4 | 7.19 | 1.75 | 1120.00 | 9.80 | 1.20 | 5.00 | 2.50 | 0.20 | 4.30 | 13.00 | 5.06 | 33.33 | 59.46 | 1.31 | 59.23 | −2.30 |
5 | 7.10 | 1.56 | 998.00 | 8.50 | 1.10 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 0.10 | 3.50 | 12.00 | 4.91 | 33.33 | 61.54 | 1.42 | 60.80 | −1.90 |
6 | 7.08 | 2.90 | 1856.00 | 14.50 | 2.00 | 8.50 | 4.00 | 0.30 | 8.70 | 20.00 | 5.80 | 32.00 | 56.90 | 1.16 | 55.73 | −4.20 |
7 | 7.02 | 0.73 | 467.00 | 4.30 | 0.50 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 1.20 | 6.00 | 3.85 | 40.00 | 65.75 | 1.72 | 67.89 | −0.40 |
8 | 7.01 | 1.81 | 1160.00 | 11.00 | 1.00 | 4.10 | 2.00 | 0.20 | 3.90 | 14.00 | 6.30 | 32.79 | 66.30 | 1.80 | 66.94 | −1.90 |
9 | 7.12 | 1.51 | 966.00 | 9.40 | 0.70 | 3.50 | 1.50 | 0.10 | 4.00 | 11.00 | 5.95 | 30.00 | 66.89 | 1.88 | 67.47 | −1.90 |
10 | 7.18 | 1.55 | 990.00 | 9.50 | 0.80 | 3.60 | 1.60 | 0.10 | 4.20 | 11.20 | 5.89 | 30.77 | 66.45 | 1.83 | 66.78 | −1.90 |
11 | 7.17 | 3.89 | 2490.00 | 17.90 | 4.00 | 11.50 | 5.50 | 0.30 | 13.60 | 25.00 | 6.14 | 32.35 | 56.30 | 1.05 | 52.86 | −5.70 |
12 | 7.08 | 2.13 | 1360.00 | 9.30 | 2.00 | 6.50 | 3.50 | 0.20 | 6.10 | 15.00 | 4.16 | 35.00 | 53.05 | 0.93 | 50.50 | −2.80 |
13 | 7.21 | 0.46 | 295.00 | 3.20 | 0.20 | 0.80 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 1.00 | 3.50 | 4.13 | 33.33 | 73.91 | 2.67 | 79.91 | −0.30 |
14 | 7.10 | 1.66 | 1060.00 | 10.00 | 1.10 | 3.70 | 1.80 | 0.10 | 5.50 | 11.00 | 6.03 | 32.73 | 66.87 | 1.82 | 66.56 | −1.80 |
15 | 7.23 | 2.45 | 1570.00 | 12.50 | 1.50 | 7.00 | 3.50 | 0.20 | 6.30 | 18.00 | 5.46 | 33.33 | 57.14 | 1.19 | 56.29 | −3.30 |
16 | 7.15 | 2.50 | 1600.00 | 14.00 | 2.00 | 6.00 | 3.00 | 0.10 | 4.90 | 20.00 | 6.60 | 33.33 | 64.00 | 1.56 | 62.24 | −2.90 |
17 | 7.22 | 3.77 | 2410.00 | 22.60 | 3.00 | 8.00 | 4.00 | 0.20 | 12.40 | 25.00 | 9.23 | 33.33 | 68.09 | 1.88 | 66.61 | −3.80 |
18 | 7.10 | 0.80 | 514.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 1.90 | 6.00 | 3.27 | 33.33 | 62.50 | 1.33 | 61.66 | −0.90 |
19 | 7.11 | 6.02 | 3850.00 | 35.00 | 3.00 | 15.00 | 7.00 | 0.30 | 19.70 | 40.00 | 10.55 | 31.82 | 63.33 | 1.59 | 62.36 | −7.70 |
20 | 7.02 | 0.33 | 211.00 | 2.00 | 0.20 | 0.80 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.70 | 2.50 | 2.70 | 27.27 | 66.67 | 1.82 | 74.72 | −0.40 |
21 | 7.15 | 0.68 | 433.00 | 3.80 | 0.50 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 2.20 | 4.50 | 3.40 | 40.00 | 63.24 | 1.52 | 65.34 | −0.40 |
22 | 7.19 | 0.63 | 404.00 | 3.60 | 0.40 | 1.40 | 0.90 | 0.10 | 2.00 | 4.30 | 3.36 | 39.13 | 63.49 | 1.57 | 66.38 | −0.40 |
23 | 7.15 | 1.23 | 790.00 | 5.30 | 1.00 | 3.50 | 2.50 | 0.10 | 3.70 | 8.50 | 3.06 | 41.67 | 51.22 | 0.88 | 49.70 | −0.90 |
24 | 7.22 | 1.18 | 760.00 | 5.20 | 0.70 | 3.20 | 2.10 | 0.10 | 3.60 | 8.20 | 3.19 | 39.62 | 52.68 | 0.98 | 52.54 | −1.00 |
25 | 7.64 | 7.01 | 4486.00 | 49.73 | 0.36 | 18.14 | 17.98 | 4.22 | 3.03 | 51.60 | 11.70 | 49.78 | 58.10 | 1.38 | 60.32 | 4.06 |
26 | 7.90 | 0.95 | 608.00 | 6.55 | 0.15 | 0.72 | 1.10 | 2.20 | 1.09 | 5.23 | 6.87 | 60.44 | 78.64 | 3.60 | 95.98 | 2.58 |
27 | 7.05 | 4.71 | 3014.00 | 28.00 | 4.10 | 10.00 | 5.00 | 0.30 | 8.80 | 38.00 | 10.22 | 33.33 | 68.15 | 1.87 | 66.39 | −4.70 |
28 | 7.12 | 4.27 | 2732.00 | 26.00 | 3.70 | 9.00 | 4.00 | 0.30 | 8.70 | 33.70 | 10.20 | 30.77 | 69.56 | 2.00 | 68.07 | −4.70 |
29 | 7.15 | 4.10 | 2624.00 | 25.40 | 3.60 | 8.50 | 3.50 | 0.20 | 7.80 | 33.00 | 10.37 | 29.17 | 70.73 | 2.12 | 69.11 | −4.80 |
30 | 7.15 | 4.44 | 2842.00 | 24.00 | 3.40 | 11.00 | 6.00 | 0.40 | 14.00 | 30.00 | 8.23 | 35.29 | 61.71 | 1.41 | 60.08 | −4.60 |
31 | 7.22 | 4.75 | 3040.00 | 25.50 | 3.50 | 12.00 | 6.50 | 0.50 | 15.00 | 32.00 | 8.38 | 35.14 | 61.05 | 1.38 | 59.56 | −5.00 |
32 | 7.17 | 1.07 | 683.00 | 4.70 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 0.10 | 3.60 | 7.00 | 2.97 | 40.00 | 53.27 | 0.94 | 51.71 | −0.90 |
33 | 7.12 | 1.08 | 688.00 | 4.60 | 1.10 | 3.10 | 2.10 | 0.10 | 3.70 | 7.10 | 2.85 | 40.38 | 52.29 | 0.88 | 50.17 | −0.90 |
34 | 7.10 | 1.05 | 669.00 | 4.50 | 1.00 | 2.90 | 1.90 | 0.10 | 3.30 | 7.00 | 2.90 | 39.58 | 53.40 | 0.94 | 51.79 | −0.90 |
35 | 7.19 | 0.78 | 499.20 | 3.99 | 0.11 | 2.40 | 1.70 | 1.11 | 1.98 | 2.65 | 2.79 | 41.46 | 50.00 | 0.97 | 62.34 | 0.41 |
36 | 7.32 | 3.56 | 2278.40 | 17.60 | 0.89 | 9.70 | 6.70 | 5.20 | 7.90 | 17.60 | 6.15 | 40.85 | 53.00 | 1.07 | 58.47 | 2.20 |
37 | 7.31 | 3.99 | 2553.60 | 16.81 | 1.32 | 10.90 | 6.32 | 5.80 | 9.80 | 21.90 | 5.73 | 36.70 | 51.29 | 0.98 | 56.47 | 1.22 |
38 | 7.44 | 2.91 | 1862.40 | 11.80 | 0.77 | 7.90 | 5.10 | 5.70 | 3.50 | 9.50 | 4.63 | 39.23 | 49.16 | 0.91 | 57.21 | 2.90 |
39 | 7.10 | 1.90 | 720.00 | 4.60 | 0.90 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 0.10 | 3.50 | 6.80 | 2.91 | 40.00 | 52.38 | 0.92 | 51.21 | −0.90 |
40 | 7.25 | 2.25 | 1440.00 | 12.20 | 0.65 | 4.90 | 3.70 | 3.20 | 6.90 | 13.10 | 5.88 | 43.02 | 59.91 | 1.42 | 67.25 | 2.00 |
41 | 7.21 | 1.23 | 787.20 | 5.29 | 0.43 | 3.10 | 2.80 | 2.32 | 2.80 | 3.98 | 3.08 | 47.46 | 49.23 | 0.90 | 60.89 | 2.02 |
Minimum | 7.01 | 0.33 | 211.00 | 2.00 | 0.11 | 0.72 | 0.30 | 0.10 | 0.70 | 2.50 | 2.70 | 27.27 | 49.16 | 0.88 | 49.70 | −7.70 |
Maximum | 7.90 | 7.01 | 4486 | 49.73 | 4.10 | 18.14 | 17.98 | 5.80 | 19.70 | 51.60 | 11.70 | 60.44 | 78.64 | 3.60 | 95.98 | 4.06 |
Average | 7.46 | 3.67 | 2348.50 | 25.87 | 2.11 | 9.43 | 9.14 | 2.95 | 10.20 | 27.05 | 7.20 | 43.86 | 63.90 | 2.24 | 72.84 | −1.82 |
Std. deviation | 7.18 | 2.34 | 1485.04 | 12.69 | 1.44 | 5.83 | 3.36 | 0.87 | 5.78 | 15.70 | 5.63 | 36.57 | 60.42 | 1.45 | 61.89 | −1.59 |
FAO standard range for irrigation water | - | < 0–3 | < 2000 | < 40 | < 2 | < 20 | < 5 | < 10 | < 20 | < 30 | - | - | - | < 1 | - | - |
