Fig. 4

Representative examples of image acquisition conditions in the extended dataset: (a) top-down view, (b) side view, (c) front view, (d) low light, (e) natural light, (f) spotlight, (g) partial occlusion, (h) no occlusion, and (i) background interference. These diverse conditions enhance dataset variability and ensure robustness of fall detection models in realistic public building environments. Photographs taken by the authors.