Table 1 Physiological data, respiratory times, and lung ultrasound score for the experimental groups during the observation period.

From: CPAP and high-flow nasal oxygen also reduce lung, diaphragm, and accessory muscle injury in experimental self-inflicted lung injury

 

Unassisted

HFNO

CPAP

MV

Sham

Respiratory rate (breaths per minute)

 T0

100.0 (35.0)

76.0 (54.0)

94.5 (8.8)

90.0 (0.0)

46.0 (24.5)*†

 Middle

96.0 (15.5)

72.0 (64.0)

70.0 (15.0)*†§

90.0 (0.0)

62.5 (16.8)*†

 T3

82.0 (20.5)

72.0 (30.0)†

76.5 (10.2)†§

90.0 (0.0)

60.0 (14.5)*†

Nasal flaring (score)

 

 T0

1.0 (0.5)†

1.0 (0.0)†

1.5 (1.0)†

0.0 (0.0)*

0.0 (0.0)*

 Middle

2.0 (1.0)†

1.0 (1.0)†

1.0 (0.0)*†

0.0 (0.0)*

0.0 (0.0)*

 T3

2.0 (1.0)†

2.0 (1.0)†‡§

1.0 (0.0)*†‡

0.0 (0.0)*

0.0 (0.0)*

Inspiratory muscle activation (score)

 T0

1.0 (0.0)†

1.0 (0.0)†

1.0 (0.0)†

0.0 (0.0)*

0.0 (0.0)*

 Middle

1.0 (0.5)†

1.0 (0.0)†

1.0 (0.0)†

0.0 (0.0)*

0.0 (0.0)*

 T3

1.0 (0.5)†

1.0 (0.0)†

1.0 (0.0)†

0.0 (0.0)*

0.0 (0.0)*

Expiratory muscle activation (score)

 T0

2.0 (0.0)†

2.0 (0.0)†

2.0 (0.0)†

0.0 (0.0)*

0.0 (0.0)*

 Middle

2.0 (0.5)†

2.0 (1.0)†‡

2.0 (1.0)*†‡

0.0 (0.0)*

0.0 (0.0)*

 T3

2.0 (0.5)†

2.0 (1.0)†‡

1.0 (0.8)*†‡§

0.0 (0.0)*

0.0 (0.0)*

PaO2 (mmHg)

     

 T0

84.8 (26.7)

97.8 (82.8)

94.2 (44.7)

94.7 (134.7)

182.9 (83.5)*

 T3

91.5 (31.8)

123.0 (63.8)

92.5 (44.2)

171.6 (159.0)

176.8 (50.6)*

PaCO2 (mmHg)

     

 T0

66.6 (21.7)

76.6 (30.0)†‡

46.4 (9.0)*‡

48.1 (22.0)

44.3 (14.8)*

 T3

61.2 (15.2)

76.2 (31.5)†‡

48.5 (7.0)*‡

47.2 (13.0)

47.1 (10.9)*

Inspiratory time (s)

 T0

0.2 (0.1)

0.2 (0.1)

0.2 (0.1)

0.2 (0.0)

0.3 (0.1)*†

 T3

0.2 (0.1)

0.2 (0.0)

0.2 (0.1)

0.2 (0.0)

0.3 (0.1)†

Expiratory time (s)

 T0

0.4 (0.2)

0.6 (0.3)

0.5 (0.1)

0.4 (0.0)

1.0 (0.8)*†

 T3

0.5 (0.2)

0.6 (0.3)

0.6 (0.1)†§

0.4 (0.0)

0.7 (0.3)*†§

Lung US score (score)

 T0

6.0 (1.0)†

6.0 (1.0)†

6.0 (0.0)†

3.0 (1.8)*

1.5 (2.0)*†

 T3

6.0 (3.0)

6.0 (3.0)†‡

3.5 (3.8)‡§

3.0 (2.8)

2.0 (2.5)*

  1. Data are expressed as median (interquartile range).
  2. Significant within-group differences are denoted by P < 0.05.
  3. Intergroup analysis:
  4. *Significant difference compared to the unassisted group (positive control).
  5. †Significant difference compared to the MV group (negative control).
  6. ‡ Significant difference comparing CPAP and HFNO groups.
  7. Time-dependent analysis:
  8. §Significant changes compared to T0.
  9. Abbreviations: HFNO, high-flow nasal oxygen; CPAP, Continuous positive airway pressure; MV, mechanical ventilation; PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; PaCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood; US, ultrasound.
Back to article page