Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included Studies.
First Author | Year | Country | Number of Patients (Mean Age ± SD, % Male) | T2DM (%) | CKD (eGFR < 60 ml/min, %) | Hyperlipidemia (% Statin Therapy, median LDL ± IQR) | Indication for PCI (STEMI, NSTEMI, UA, SA) | Follow-up | Measuring Time (hsCRP) | Key Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kalkmann | 2018 | USA | 7026 (64.42 ± 11.06 years, 71.7% male) | 51.8% | 28.4% | 96% (74.5% statin therapy, LDL 82.68 mg/dl ± 34.99) | SA 53.4%, UA 31.6%, NSTEMI 9.8%, STEMI 1.7% | 56 weeks (between first and second hsCRP measurement) | Baseline, 1-month post-PCI | Persistent high RIR: 2.6% mortality, 7.5% MI at 1-year, sustained results after adjustment for diabetes, ACS, and LDL |
Takahashi | 2020 | Japan | 2032 (66.6 ± 9.7 years, 83.0% male) | 44.2% | 23.7% | 76.5% (74.6% statin therapy, LDL 99.0 [IQR, 81.0–122.0]) | SA | 4.9 years (IQR, 1.7–9.6) years | Baseline (pre-index PCI) – 6/9 months post-PCI | Persistent high and increased RIR vs. persistent low RIR MACEs HR respectively 2.38 [95% CI: 1.46–3.96] and 2.35 [95% CI: 1.14–4.58]; All-cause death respectively 2.08 [95% CI: 1.41–3.11] and 2.05 [95% CI: 1.13–3.11] after adjustment for age, sex, RIR, HT, CKD, DM, HL, BMI, smoking status, MVD, LVEF, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, use of statins |
Ahn | 2022 | South-Korea | 4562 (65.3 ± 11.7 years, 70.6% male) | 30.8% | 16.2% | 53.6% (95.0% statin therapy, LDL 115.9 ± 42.4) | SA 33.6%, UA 9.4%, NSTEMI 31.0%, STEMI 25.2% | 36.0 (IQR, 18.9–71.9) years | Baseline – 1 month post-PCI | Persistent high RIR vs. other RIR groups (attenuated and fortified RIR): MACEs HR 1.26 [95% CI: 1.02–1.56]; all-cause death 1.92 [95% CI: 1.44–2.55]; Major Bleeding HR 1.98 [95% CI: 1.30–2.99], adjusted for index MI presentation, age, sex, BMI, smoking, HT, T2DM, HL, CKD, anemia, previous stroke, LVEF, previous PCI for LAD lesion, MVD, potent P2Y12 inhibitor, statin, β-blockers and RAAS inhibitors. |
Yu | 2024 | China | 1202 (59.5 ± 9.9 years, 75.0% male) | 32.8% | 6.2% | NA | Hospitalized pts with CHD undergoing planned PCI | 12 months | Baseline − 1 month post-PCI | RIR (identified as hsCRP≥1 mg/L) vs. non-RIR (identified as hsCRP<1 mg/L): all-cause death, HR 1.93 [95% CI: 1.21–3.07]. A hsCRP≥2 mg/L cut-off has also been tested, however the HR between groups was not statistically significant. |
Gibson | 2009 | USA | 2867 (Age PCI + Atorvastatin group 57.1 ± 10.5, Age CPI + Pravastatin group 57.0 ± 10.9; 79.2% male) | 15.8% | NA | 21.9% statin therapy, LDL PCI + Atorvastatin group 107 [IQR, 89–128], LDL PCI + Pravastatin group 106 [IQR, 88–127]) | UA 24.5%, NSTEMI (37.1%), STEMI (38.4%) | 2 years | Baseline – 1 month follow up | High RIR group (PCI Pravastatin 40 mg group) vs. low RIR group (PCI Atorvastatin 80 mg group): composite outcome (death from any cause, MI, documented UA requiring rehospitalization and revascularization at least 30 days after randomization, and stroke) |
