Table 1 Characteristics of physicians by region. Brazil, 2021–2025.
Characteristics/region | North (N = 136) n (%) | Northeast (N = 346) n (%) | Southeast (N = 492) n (%) | South (N = 182) n (%) | Midwest (N = 111) n (%) | Brazil (N = 1,267) n (%) | p value a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of hospital | < 0.001 | ||||||
Public | 95 (69.8) | 208 (60.1) | 181 (36.8) | 44 (24.2) | 47 (42.1) | 575 (45.4) | |
Mixed | 28 (20.5) | 95 (27.4) | 189 (38.5) | 109 (59.8) | 36 (32.6) | 457 (36.1) | |
Private | 13 (9.7) | 43 (12.5) | 122 (24.7) | 29 (16.0) | 28 (25.3) | 235 (18.5) | |
Size of hospital (births/year) | 0.024 | ||||||
100–499 | 5 (4.1) | 5 (1.3) | 6 (1.2) | 4 (2.2) | 6 (5.1) | 26 (2.0%) | |
≥500 | 131 (95.9) | 341 (98.7) | 486 (98.8) | 178 (97.8) | 105 (94.9) | 1,241 (98.0) | |
Teaching hospital | 89 (65.9) | 242 (71.0) | 315 (65.5) | 131 (73.9) | 82 (78.3) | 862 (69.4) | 0.034 |
Age (in years) | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 44.3 (12.87) | 45.4 (12.9) | 43.2 (14.4) | 41.1 (11.7) | 39 (9.7) | 43.2 (13.2) | |
<30 | 12 (9.2) | 17 (4.9) | 79 (16.3) | 22 (12.2) | 14 (12.3) | 144 (11.4) | < 0.001 |
30–49 | 75 (54.7) | 211 (61.1) | 272 (56.1) | 115 (62.9) | 79 (71.7) | 752 (59.7) | |
≥ 50 | 49 (36.1) | 117 (34.0) | 134 (27.6) | 45 (24.9) | 18 (16.0) | 363 (28.9) | |
Self-reported current gender | < 0.001 | ||||||
Male | 66 (48.3) | 162 (46.9) | 164 (33.5) | 70 (38.7) | 51 (45.8) | 513 (40.6) | |
Female | 70 (51.7) | 183 (53.1) | 326 (66.5) | 112 (61.3) | 60 (54.2) | 750 (59.4) | |
Self-reported skin color | < 0.001 | ||||||
White | 64 (47.2) | 176 (51.4) | 390 (79.4) | 160 (87.8) | 67 (60.6) | 857 (67.9) | |
Mixed | 64 (47.3) | 154 (44.8) | 83 (16.9) | 16 (9.1) | 35 (31.6) | 352 (27.9) | |
Black | 8 (5.6) | 12 (3.5) | 6 (1.2) | 2 (3.9) | 5 (4.3) | 33 (2.5) | |
Asian | 0 | 0 | 11 (2.2) | 4 (2.1) | 4 (3.5) | 19 (1.5) | |
Indigenous | 0 | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.2) | |
Conjugal situation | 0.017 | ||||||
Married/cohabiting | 96 (70.6) | 265(76.5) | 321(65.4) | 126 (69.3) | 78 (70.1) | 886 (70.0) | |
Single/widowed/divorced | 40 (29.4) | 81 (23.5) | 170 (34.6) | 56 (30.7) | 33 (29.9) | 380 (30.0) | |
Have children | 104 (76.4) | 256 (75.2) | 285 (58.2) | 97 (53.5) | 58 (53.7) | 800 (63.7) | < 0.001 |
Religion | 125 (92.3) | 321 (93.0) | 418 (85.2) | 156 (85.6) | 97 (87.5) | 1.117 (88.3) | 0.004 |
Importance of religion b | 0.024 | ||||||
Very important/important | 121 (96.9) | 299 (92.9) | 368 (88.1) | 139 (89.3) | 88 (91.2) | 1,015 (90.9) | |
Unimportant | 4 (3.1) | 23 (7.1) | 50 (11.9) | 17 (10.7) | 8 (8.8) | 102 (9.1) | |
Time since graduation (Years) | 0.026 | ||||||
< 10 | 53 (38.8) | 124 (36.0) | 193 (39.3) | 82 (45.1) | 51 (46.2) | 502 (39.8) | |
10–19 | 32 (23.7) | 66 (19.1) | 122 (25.0) | 39 (21.5) | 30 (27.1) | 289 (22.9) | |
>20 | 51 (37.5) | 154 (44.8) | 175 (35.7) | 61 (33.4) | 29 (26.7) | 470 (37.3) | |
Specialization in obstetrics | 113 (83.1) | 298 (86.3) | 419 (86.8) | 164 (90.2) | 99 (90.0) | 1094 (87.0) | O.335 |
Professional experience time (Years) | 0.001 | ||||||
< 10 | 85 (62.4) | 195 (56.9) | 338 (69.3) | 121 (66.7) | 81 (73.9) | 820 (65.2) | |
10–19 | 34 (24.9) | 90 (26.3) | 95 (19.5) | 27 (14.8) | 20 (18.7) | 266 (21.2) | |
>20 | 17 (12.7) | 58 (16.8) | 55 (11.3) | 34 (18.6) | 8 (7.3) | 172 (13.6) | |
Employment contract | < 0.001 | ||||||
Medical residency | 9 (6.4) | 9 (2.7) | 52 (10.7) | 14 (7.8) | 6 (5.4) | 90 (7.2) | |
Public servant | 31 (23.2) | 65 (18.8) | 27 (5.5) | 20 (11.3) | 15 (13.6) | 158 (12.6) | |
Autonomous | 4 (3.1) | 29 (8.5) | 50 (10.1) | 23 (12.7) | 20 (17.9) | 126 (10.0) | |
Contract | 91 (67.4) | 237 (68.8) | 349 (71.3) | 124 (68.1) | 64 (58.8) | 865 (68.7) | |
Others | 0 | 4 (1.1) | 11 (2.3) | 1 (0.2) | 5 (4.4) | 20 (1.6) | |
Work daily | 19 (13.9) | 54 (15.6) | 72 (14.8) | 27 (15.0) | 20 (17.6) | 192 (15.2) | 0.937 |
Work on shifts | 127 (92.6) | 301 (87.2) | 398 (80.9) | 159 (87.4) | 89 (80.0) | 1,074 (84.8) | 0.002 |
