Table 3 Traceability evaluation indicator system with justification.
First-tier indicator | Second-tier indicator | Third-tier indicator | Measurement description | Attribute | Relationship to traceability assurance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traceability breadth (A1) | Lifecycle coverage (B1) | Phase completeness ratio (C1) | Documented phases / Total phases | Positive | Directly measures provenance reconstruction scope |
Stakeholder inclusion (B2) | Participant registration rate (C2) | Registered entities / Total entities | Positive | Indicates chain-of-custody completeness | |
Traceability depth (A2) | Information granularity (B3) | Data field density (C3) | Recorded fields / Required fields | Positive | Reflects richness of provenance documentation |
Historical retrievability (B4) | Query response success rate (C4) | Successful queries / Total queries | Positive | Measures accessibility of historical records (IT performance indicator) | |
Traceability precision (A3) | Location accuracy (B5) | Geographic deviation index (C5) | Average positioning error | Negative | Assesses spatial reliability of provenance claims |
Quantity accuracy (B6) | Measurement variance ratio (C6) | Variance from verified values | Negative | Evaluates volumetric reliability of recorded data | |
Traceability timeliness (A4) | Update frequency (B7) | Average refresh interval (C7) | Mean time between updates | Negative | Reflects currency of provenance information |
Query latency (B8) | Response time index (C8) | Average retrieval duration | Negative | System performance metric supporting operational efficiency | |
Data credibility (A5) | Source authenticity (B9) | Verification pass rate (C9) | Verified records / Total records | Positive | Measures proportion of records meeting authenticity criteria |
Consistency level (B10) | Cross-validation match rate (C10) | Consistent pairs / Total pairs | Positive | Assesses internal coherence of recorded information | |
Tamper resistance (B11) | Blockchain confirmation ratio (C11) | On-chain records / Total records | Positive | Indicates proportion of records with blockchain integrity protection |
